Pre-award
Resubmission (A1)
A revised application submitted after an unfunded first attempt: NIH allows one, designated A1.
When an NIH application isn't funded, the applicant may submit one revised version, designated A1, with an introduction responding to the previous reviewers. After a single resubmission, any further attempt must be a new application.
A strong resubmission directly addresses the prior critique, and the introduction page is where reviewers look to see what changed.
Why it matters
With only one resubmission allowed, the A1 introduction is a single chance to answer reviewers directly.
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